Regression In experimental sciences after having understood the correlation between two variables, there are situations when it is necessary to estimate or predict the value of one character (variable say Y) from the knowledge of the other character (variable say X), such as to estimate height when weight is known. This is possible when the …
Correlation Correlation and Regression are the two analyses based on multivariate distribution. A multivariate distribution is described as a distribution of multiple variables.  Correlation is described as the analysis which lets us know the association or the absence of the relationship between two variables ‘x’ and ‘y’. On the other end, Regression analysis, predicts …
Chi-Square Test A chi-square (χ2) statistic is a test that measures how expectations compare to actual observed data (or model results). The data used in calculating achi-square statistic must be random, raw, mutually exclusive, drawn from independent variables, and drawn from a large enough sample. That is, the chi-square (χ2) tests are certain types of statistical hypothesis tests that are valid to perform when the test statistic is chi-squared distributed under the null hypothesis. In …
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) I. What is ANOVA Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical method used to test differences between two or more means. It is used to determine whether statistically significant differences exist between the means of three or more groups. ANOVA separates observed variance data into different components to use for additional …
Student’s t-Test I. Basic Concepts of Student’s t-Test The Student’s t-test is a statistical test that is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups. It is a commonly used test when the sample size is small and the population standard deviation is unknown. The t-test allows researchers …
Single Sample Tests I. Z Test and Standard Error of the Mean In statistical analysis, the Z test is a commonly used inferential statistical tool that allows researchers to make inferences about a population based on a sample. It is particularly useful when dealing with large sample sizes and when the population standard deviation is …
Sample Size Estimation and Statistical Estimation I. Determining Sample Size In any research study, determining the appropriate sample size is a crucial step in ensuring the validity and reliability of the results. The sample size refers to the number of individuals or observations included in the study. It is important to select an adequate sample …
Hypothesis Testing I. One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Hypothesis Tests In hypothesis testing, researchers use statistical tools to make inferences about a population based on sample data. One of the key decisions researchers make when conducting hypothesis tests is whether to use a one-tailed or two-tailed test. This decision depends on the specific research question and the …
Introduction to Statistical Inference Statistical Inference and its Importance in Research Statistical inference is a fundamental concept in research that allows us to conclude a population based on a sample. It involves using data from a sample to make inferences or predictions about the larger population from which the sample was drawn. This process is crucial …
Poisson Distribution I. Definition and Properties of Poisson Distribution The Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that is often used to model the number of events that occur within a fixed interval of time or space. It is named after the French mathematician Siméon Denis Poisson, who introduced the distribution in the early 19th …
